WHO publishes global guidelines to reduce bloodstream infections from catheter

Guidelines include 14 good practice statements and 23 recommendations on key areas for health workers

The World Health Organisation (WHO) recently published the first global guidelines to prevent the occurrence of bloodstream and other infections caused by use of catheters placed in minor blood vessels during medical procedures.

Poor practices in the insertion, maintenance, and removal of these catheters carry a high risk of introducing germs directly to the bloodstream, which can lead to serious conditions such as sepsis, and difficult-to-treat complications in major organs like the brain and kidneys. Soft tissue infections at the insertion site of the catheter can also occur.

Up to 70 per cent of all inpatients require the use of a catheter inserted into a peripheral vein or artery, also known as peripherally inserted catheters (PIVCs), at some point during their hospital stay.   WHO estimated that between 2000–2018, average mortality among patients affected by health care-associated sepsis was 24.4 per cent, increasing to 52.3 per cent among patients treated in intensive care units.

Many bloodstream infections are caused by antibiotic resistant bacterial infections. It is estimated that bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was directly responsible for at least 1.27 million deaths and contributed to an additional 4.95 million deaths in 2019.

“Infections associated with health care delivery represent a preventable tragedy and a serious threat to the quality and safety of health care,” said Dr Bruce Aylward, WHO Assistant Director-General for Universal Health Coverage, Life Course. “Implementing clean care and infection prevention and control recommendations is critical to saving lives and alleviating a great deal of avoidable suffering experienced by people around the world”.  

The new guidelines include 14 good practice statements and 23 recommendations on key areas for health workers, including: education and training of health workers,techniques of asepsis and hand hygiene practices insertion, maintenance, access, removal of catheters, and catheter selection.