Dr Praveen Gupta, Principal Director & Chief of Neurology, Fortis Hospital, Gurugram explains how lupus affect nervous system
Lupus, an autoimmune disease, can affect various organs and systems in the body, including the brain. Lupus can be in various forms, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), drug-induced lupus, and neonatal lupus, with SLE being the most common type. Its autoimmune nature means that the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues in the body, leading to inflammation, pain, and potentially severe organ damage.
Lupus can affect the nervous system, leading to range of symptoms collectively known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). The nervous system, comprising the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, plays a crucial role in regulating bodily functions and transmitting messages between the brain and the rest of the body. When lupus attacks the nervous system, it can result in various symptoms, ranging from mild to severe.
There are some common symptoms of neuropsychiatric lupus:
- Headache: Lupus related headaches can vary in intensity and frequency. They may be migraines or severe headaches and can sometimes be a result of inflammation I the blood vessels or tissues of the brain.
- Numbness and tingling: Some individuals with lupus may experience sensations of numbness, tingling or weakness in their limbs, often due to nerve damage or inflammation.
- Seizures: Lupus can increase the risk of seizures, which are abnormal electrical disturbances in the brain that can cause changes in consciousness, movements or sensations.
- Stroke: Lupus can also increase the risk of stroke, which occurs when the blood supply to part to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to tissue damage and neurological symptoms.
- Cognitive dysfunction: Lupus related cognitive dysfunction, sometimes referred to as brain fog can manifest as difficulties with memory, concentration and other cognitive functions.
- Mood disorders: Lupus can impact emotional wellbeing, leading to symptoms of depression, anxiety or mood swings.
- Psychiatric symptoms: In some cases, lupus can cause psychiatric symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions and psychosis.
It is essential for individuals to work with lupus to work closely with their healthcare providers to monitor and manage symptoms affecting the nervous system effectively. Regular medical follow-ups, adherence to treatment plans and open communications with healthcare providers can help optimise management and improve quality of life for those living with neuropsychiatric lupus. Self-care plays a crucial role in managing lupus and preventing flares.