A recent study conducted by Novo Nordisk, involving over 2,000 people living with obesity (PwO) and 300 healthcare professionals (HCPs), has revealed critical insights into the challenges faced by PwO in India. The study highlights a significant disconnect between awareness, understanding and management of obesity, underscoring the need for an integrated, long-term approach to treatment.
The survey found that one-third of PwO in India do not recognise the severity of their condition, often believing they are merely overweight or even of normal weight. This denial of obesity reflects widespread misconceptions and a lack of awareness on its implications, which contributes to delayed treatment and worse health outcomes.
Dr Maya Sharma, Vice President Clinical, Medical, Regulatory, Novo Nordisk India, emphasised the importance of addressing this issue, stating, “The first step towards obesity management is to understand that it is a chronic disease. We need to support PwO with tools that not only help them lose weight but also maintain that loss over time.”
PwO face immense difficulties in maintaining weight loss. Over half of those surveyed report reverting to old eating habits despite their efforts to change. Alarmingly, 44 per cent regain lost weight within six months, emphasising the need for more sustainable, long-term solutions that go beyond just lifestyle adjustments.
The study highlights the growing need for a comprehensive approach to obesity management in India. Dr AG Unnikrishnan, MD at The Chellaram Diabetes Institute, Pune, India, supports this, noting, “A successful obesity management strategy must combine lifestyle changes, behavioural interventions, medication, and surgery where necessary. Only through such integration can PwO achieve their weight loss goals and maintain long-term health improvements.”
Another striking finding is the widespread belief in “healthy obesity,” often viewed as a sign of prosperity. Dr Muffazal Lakdawala, MS, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, warned, “There is no such thing as ‘healthy obesity.’ Even in the early stages, when there are no visible complications, the risks to long-term health are very real. This myth must be dispelled.”
The survey revealed that obesity is closely linked to other chronic diseases. Two in five PwO suffer from conditions such as hypertension, high cholesterol and diabetes. HCPs report that many PwO have anywhere between 1 and 4 comorbidities, such as high blood pressure (32 per cent), high cholesterol (27 per cent), eating disorder (23 per cent) and cardiovascular diseases (19 per cent); reinforcing that obesity is a chronic disease requiring medical intervention.
PwO face significant barriers in their weight loss journeys. Lack of motivation, fear of failure, unhealthy eating habits and a lack of exercise were cited as the most common obstacles. HCPs, however, are in a position to help set realistic goals, with Dr Rishma Pai, MD at Lilavati and Hinduja Hospitals, Mumbai, explaining, “Even a 5 per cent weight loss can bring significant health benefits, and it’s important that PwO understand that small, sustainable changes are key. We as healthcare professionals have to overcome any inhibitions in discussing the condition with our patients on a regular basis and support them in their weight-loss journeys.”
More than 70 per cent of PwO recognise obesity as a chronic disease, yet many still feel it is their sole responsibility to manage their weight. This contrasts with how other chronic diseases, like diabetes or hypertension, are perceived, where medical intervention is commonly accepted. Encouragingly, four in five HCPs are comfortable discussing weight with their patients, and among PwO who have had these discussions, the majority report positive experiences.
Despite the availability of prescription weight-loss medications, PwO remain hesitant. Only one in seven PwO believe such medications would be helpful, with concerns about side effects and safety being the primary deterrents.
As a conclusion, Vikrant Shrotriya, Corporate Vice President, Novo Nordisk India said, “Recent research has shed light on the perceptions and challenges faced by people living with obesity (PwO) in India. Despite the growing awareness, there are still significant misconceptions and hurdles that need to be addressed. Hence, involvement by the government is crucial in addressing the growing obesity challenge in India. Obesity is not just an individual issue but a significant public health concern that impacts healthcare resources, economic productivity, and the overall well-being of our society. A multifaceted approach that includes policy interventions, awareness programs, and accessible healthcare solutions is essential to address this complex issue effectively.”
This underscores the need for greater awareness and understanding of obesity as a chronic disease. Addressing the misconceptions, providing PwO with sustained support, and integrating medical, behavioural, and lifestyle interventions are crucial for effective weight management. Continued research is essential to develop and refine these strategies, ensuring that individuals with obesity receive the long-term care and support they need for better health outcomes.