Researchers from The George Institute for Global Health India, in collaboration with global partners, have brought attention to the stigma and mental health issues affecting trans women in India. Their study examines the pervasive discrimination and social exclusion faced by trans women, urging immediate interventions to address these challenges.
The research highlights how stigma begins early within families, where rejection often undermines self-esteem. In schools, bullying and harassment frequently force trans women to drop out, leaving them with limited education and employment opportunities. As a result, many are compelled to resort to begging or sex work for survival.
Healthcare discrimination is another critical issue. Instances of mistreatment by hospital staff and a lack of understanding from medical providers discourage trans women from seeking healthcare. This neglect exacerbates their physical and mental health challenges, contributing to high rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts.
The study draws on the lived experiences of trans women, showing how rejection by families and society leaves long-lasting psychological scars. These difficulties are compounded by exclusionary societal norms and policies that further marginalise them. While resilience can help mitigate mental health challenges, systemic barriers often prevent trans women from building such resilience.
Social support emerges as a crucial factor in fostering resilience and promoting mental well-being. Acceptance, education, and employment opportunities are seen as key solutions. However, such avenues remain limited in India, where an estimated 4.8 million transgender people reside.
The research advocates for gender-affirming policies that prioritise inclusion and equity. It calls for creating safe spaces where trans women can feel respected and valued, as these measures can help address the structural stigma they face.
Speaking about the findings, Dr Sandhya Kanaka Yatirajula, Program Lead for Mental Health at The George Institute for Global Health India, said: “One of the most pressing revelations from the study is the lack of mental health research focusing on trans women, especially in low- and middle-income countries like India. While global studies often focus on HIV-related issues, mental health needs of transgender communities remain largely unaddressed. This research highlights the urgent need for interventions to address stigma and its impact on their lives.”
The study calls for increased investment in mental health research, evidence-based policymaking, and systemic reforms to ensure the inclusion of transgender individuals in all areas of society. These steps, researchers argue, are essential for improving the quality of life for trans women and achieving broader societal equity.
The research, published in Wellcome Open Research, was authored by Dr Sandhya Kanaka Yatirajula, Dr Ankita Mukherjee, Dr Santosh Giri, and Prof. Pallab K. Maulik from The George Institute for Global Health India, along with collaborators from Kolkata Rista, the University of New South Wales, Imperial College London, and the Manipal Academy of Higher Education.
Dr Ankita Mukherjee, Senior Research Fellow at The George Institute for Global Health India, noted the media’s role in shaping perceptions of transgender individuals. She stated, “The media can play a crucial role in influencing people’s perception of transgender people. In the past, media portrayals of transpersons reinforced and perpetuated stereotypes; however, in recent times a shift in media’s perception is discernible. This shift is welcome and may go a long way in reducing transphobia.”